mirror of
https://gitlab.com/berufsschul-ae/blitzchat.git
synced 2024-12-23 04:47:41 +01:00
584 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
584 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
# safe-buffer [![travis][travis-image]][travis-url] [![npm][npm-image]][npm-url] [![downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url] [![javascript style guide][standard-image]][standard-url]
|
|
|
|
[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/feross/safe-buffer/master.svg
|
|
[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/feross/safe-buffer
|
|
[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/safe-buffer.svg
|
|
[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/safe-buffer
|
|
[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/safe-buffer.svg
|
|
[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/safe-buffer
|
|
[standard-image]: https://img.shields.io/badge/code_style-standard-brightgreen.svg
|
|
[standard-url]: https://standardjs.com
|
|
|
|
#### Safer Node.js Buffer API
|
|
|
|
**Use the new Node.js Buffer APIs (`Buffer.from`, `Buffer.alloc`,
|
|
`Buffer.allocUnsafe`, `Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow`) in all versions of Node.js.**
|
|
|
|
**Uses the built-in implementation when available.**
|
|
|
|
## install
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
npm install safe-buffer
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## usage
|
|
|
|
The goal of this package is to provide a safe replacement for the node.js `Buffer`.
|
|
|
|
It's a drop-in replacement for `Buffer`. You can use it by adding one `require` line to
|
|
the top of your node.js modules:
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer
|
|
|
|
// Existing buffer code will continue to work without issues:
|
|
|
|
new Buffer('hey', 'utf8')
|
|
new Buffer([1, 2, 3], 'utf8')
|
|
new Buffer(obj)
|
|
new Buffer(16) // create an uninitialized buffer (potentially unsafe)
|
|
|
|
// But you can use these new explicit APIs to make clear what you want:
|
|
|
|
Buffer.from('hey', 'utf8') // convert from many types to a Buffer
|
|
Buffer.alloc(16) // create a zero-filled buffer (safe)
|
|
Buffer.allocUnsafe(16) // create an uninitialized buffer (potentially unsafe)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## api
|
|
|
|
### Class Method: Buffer.from(array)
|
|
<!-- YAML
|
|
added: v3.0.0
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
* `array` {Array}
|
|
|
|
Allocates a new `Buffer` using an `array` of octets.
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
const buf = Buffer.from([0x62,0x75,0x66,0x66,0x65,0x72]);
|
|
// creates a new Buffer containing ASCII bytes
|
|
// ['b','u','f','f','e','r']
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
A `TypeError` will be thrown if `array` is not an `Array`.
|
|
|
|
### Class Method: Buffer.from(arrayBuffer[, byteOffset[, length]])
|
|
<!-- YAML
|
|
added: v5.10.0
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
* `arrayBuffer` {ArrayBuffer} The `.buffer` property of a `TypedArray` or
|
|
a `new ArrayBuffer()`
|
|
* `byteOffset` {Number} Default: `0`
|
|
* `length` {Number} Default: `arrayBuffer.length - byteOffset`
|
|
|
|
When passed a reference to the `.buffer` property of a `TypedArray` instance,
|
|
the newly created `Buffer` will share the same allocated memory as the
|
|
TypedArray.
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
const arr = new Uint16Array(2);
|
|
arr[0] = 5000;
|
|
arr[1] = 4000;
|
|
|
|
const buf = Buffer.from(arr.buffer); // shares the memory with arr;
|
|
|
|
console.log(buf);
|
|
// Prints: <Buffer 88 13 a0 0f>
|
|
|
|
// changing the TypedArray changes the Buffer also
|
|
arr[1] = 6000;
|
|
|
|
console.log(buf);
|
|
// Prints: <Buffer 88 13 70 17>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
The optional `byteOffset` and `length` arguments specify a memory range within
|
|
the `arrayBuffer` that will be shared by the `Buffer`.
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
const ab = new ArrayBuffer(10);
|
|
const buf = Buffer.from(ab, 0, 2);
|
|
console.log(buf.length);
|
|
// Prints: 2
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
A `TypeError` will be thrown if `arrayBuffer` is not an `ArrayBuffer`.
|
|
|
|
### Class Method: Buffer.from(buffer)
|
|
<!-- YAML
|
|
added: v3.0.0
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
* `buffer` {Buffer}
|
|
|
|
Copies the passed `buffer` data onto a new `Buffer` instance.
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
const buf1 = Buffer.from('buffer');
|
|
const buf2 = Buffer.from(buf1);
|
|
|
|
buf1[0] = 0x61;
|
|
console.log(buf1.toString());
|
|
// 'auffer'
|
|
console.log(buf2.toString());
|
|
// 'buffer' (copy is not changed)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
A `TypeError` will be thrown if `buffer` is not a `Buffer`.
|
|
|
|
### Class Method: Buffer.from(str[, encoding])
|
|
<!-- YAML
|
|
added: v5.10.0
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
* `str` {String} String to encode.
|
|
* `encoding` {String} Encoding to use, Default: `'utf8'`
|
|
|
|
Creates a new `Buffer` containing the given JavaScript string `str`. If
|
|
provided, the `encoding` parameter identifies the character encoding.
|
|
If not provided, `encoding` defaults to `'utf8'`.
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
const buf1 = Buffer.from('this is a tést');
|
|
console.log(buf1.toString());
|
|
// prints: this is a tést
|
|
console.log(buf1.toString('ascii'));
|
|
// prints: this is a tC)st
|
|
|
|
const buf2 = Buffer.from('7468697320697320612074c3a97374', 'hex');
|
|
console.log(buf2.toString());
|
|
// prints: this is a tést
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
A `TypeError` will be thrown if `str` is not a string.
|
|
|
|
### Class Method: Buffer.alloc(size[, fill[, encoding]])
|
|
<!-- YAML
|
|
added: v5.10.0
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
* `size` {Number}
|
|
* `fill` {Value} Default: `undefined`
|
|
* `encoding` {String} Default: `utf8`
|
|
|
|
Allocates a new `Buffer` of `size` bytes. If `fill` is `undefined`, the
|
|
`Buffer` will be *zero-filled*.
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
const buf = Buffer.alloc(5);
|
|
console.log(buf);
|
|
// <Buffer 00 00 00 00 00>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
The `size` must be less than or equal to the value of
|
|
`require('buffer').kMaxLength` (on 64-bit architectures, `kMaxLength` is
|
|
`(2^31)-1`). Otherwise, a [`RangeError`][] is thrown. A zero-length Buffer will
|
|
be created if a `size` less than or equal to 0 is specified.
|
|
|
|
If `fill` is specified, the allocated `Buffer` will be initialized by calling
|
|
`buf.fill(fill)`. See [`buf.fill()`][] for more information.
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
const buf = Buffer.alloc(5, 'a');
|
|
console.log(buf);
|
|
// <Buffer 61 61 61 61 61>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
If both `fill` and `encoding` are specified, the allocated `Buffer` will be
|
|
initialized by calling `buf.fill(fill, encoding)`. For example:
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
const buf = Buffer.alloc(11, 'aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=', 'base64');
|
|
console.log(buf);
|
|
// <Buffer 68 65 6c 6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Calling `Buffer.alloc(size)` can be significantly slower than the alternative
|
|
`Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)` but ensures that the newly created `Buffer` instance
|
|
contents will *never contain sensitive data*.
|
|
|
|
A `TypeError` will be thrown if `size` is not a number.
|
|
|
|
### Class Method: Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)
|
|
<!-- YAML
|
|
added: v5.10.0
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
* `size` {Number}
|
|
|
|
Allocates a new *non-zero-filled* `Buffer` of `size` bytes. The `size` must
|
|
be less than or equal to the value of `require('buffer').kMaxLength` (on 64-bit
|
|
architectures, `kMaxLength` is `(2^31)-1`). Otherwise, a [`RangeError`][] is
|
|
thrown. A zero-length Buffer will be created if a `size` less than or equal to
|
|
0 is specified.
|
|
|
|
The underlying memory for `Buffer` instances created in this way is *not
|
|
initialized*. The contents of the newly created `Buffer` are unknown and
|
|
*may contain sensitive data*. Use [`buf.fill(0)`][] to initialize such
|
|
`Buffer` instances to zeroes.
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(5);
|
|
console.log(buf);
|
|
// <Buffer 78 e0 82 02 01>
|
|
// (octets will be different, every time)
|
|
buf.fill(0);
|
|
console.log(buf);
|
|
// <Buffer 00 00 00 00 00>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
A `TypeError` will be thrown if `size` is not a number.
|
|
|
|
Note that the `Buffer` module pre-allocates an internal `Buffer` instance of
|
|
size `Buffer.poolSize` that is used as a pool for the fast allocation of new
|
|
`Buffer` instances created using `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)` (and the deprecated
|
|
`new Buffer(size)` constructor) only when `size` is less than or equal to
|
|
`Buffer.poolSize >> 1` (floor of `Buffer.poolSize` divided by two). The default
|
|
value of `Buffer.poolSize` is `8192` but can be modified.
|
|
|
|
Use of this pre-allocated internal memory pool is a key difference between
|
|
calling `Buffer.alloc(size, fill)` vs. `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size).fill(fill)`.
|
|
Specifically, `Buffer.alloc(size, fill)` will *never* use the internal Buffer
|
|
pool, while `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size).fill(fill)` *will* use the internal
|
|
Buffer pool if `size` is less than or equal to half `Buffer.poolSize`. The
|
|
difference is subtle but can be important when an application requires the
|
|
additional performance that `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)` provides.
|
|
|
|
### Class Method: Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow(size)
|
|
<!-- YAML
|
|
added: v5.10.0
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
* `size` {Number}
|
|
|
|
Allocates a new *non-zero-filled* and non-pooled `Buffer` of `size` bytes. The
|
|
`size` must be less than or equal to the value of
|
|
`require('buffer').kMaxLength` (on 64-bit architectures, `kMaxLength` is
|
|
`(2^31)-1`). Otherwise, a [`RangeError`][] is thrown. A zero-length Buffer will
|
|
be created if a `size` less than or equal to 0 is specified.
|
|
|
|
The underlying memory for `Buffer` instances created in this way is *not
|
|
initialized*. The contents of the newly created `Buffer` are unknown and
|
|
*may contain sensitive data*. Use [`buf.fill(0)`][] to initialize such
|
|
`Buffer` instances to zeroes.
|
|
|
|
When using `Buffer.allocUnsafe()` to allocate new `Buffer` instances,
|
|
allocations under 4KB are, by default, sliced from a single pre-allocated
|
|
`Buffer`. This allows applications to avoid the garbage collection overhead of
|
|
creating many individually allocated Buffers. This approach improves both
|
|
performance and memory usage by eliminating the need to track and cleanup as
|
|
many `Persistent` objects.
|
|
|
|
However, in the case where a developer may need to retain a small chunk of
|
|
memory from a pool for an indeterminate amount of time, it may be appropriate
|
|
to create an un-pooled Buffer instance using `Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow()` then
|
|
copy out the relevant bits.
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
// need to keep around a few small chunks of memory
|
|
const store = [];
|
|
|
|
socket.on('readable', () => {
|
|
const data = socket.read();
|
|
// allocate for retained data
|
|
const sb = Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow(10);
|
|
// copy the data into the new allocation
|
|
data.copy(sb, 0, 0, 10);
|
|
store.push(sb);
|
|
});
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Use of `Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow()` should be used only as a last resort *after*
|
|
a developer has observed undue memory retention in their applications.
|
|
|
|
A `TypeError` will be thrown if `size` is not a number.
|
|
|
|
### All the Rest
|
|
|
|
The rest of the `Buffer` API is exactly the same as in node.js.
|
|
[See the docs](https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html).
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Related links
|
|
|
|
- [Node.js issue: Buffer(number) is unsafe](https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/4660)
|
|
- [Node.js Enhancement Proposal: Buffer.from/Buffer.alloc/Buffer.zalloc/Buffer() soft-deprecate](https://github.com/nodejs/node-eps/pull/4)
|
|
|
|
## Why is `Buffer` unsafe?
|
|
|
|
Today, the node.js `Buffer` constructor is overloaded to handle many different argument
|
|
types like `String`, `Array`, `Object`, `TypedArrayView` (`Uint8Array`, etc.),
|
|
`ArrayBuffer`, and also `Number`.
|
|
|
|
The API is optimized for convenience: you can throw any type at it, and it will try to do
|
|
what you want.
|
|
|
|
Because the Buffer constructor is so powerful, you often see code like this:
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
// Convert UTF-8 strings to hex
|
|
function toHex (str) {
|
|
return new Buffer(str).toString('hex')
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
***But what happens if `toHex` is called with a `Number` argument?***
|
|
|
|
### Remote Memory Disclosure
|
|
|
|
If an attacker can make your program call the `Buffer` constructor with a `Number`
|
|
argument, then they can make it allocate uninitialized memory from the node.js process.
|
|
This could potentially disclose TLS private keys, user data, or database passwords.
|
|
|
|
When the `Buffer` constructor is passed a `Number` argument, it returns an
|
|
**UNINITIALIZED** block of memory of the specified `size`. When you create a `Buffer` like
|
|
this, you **MUST** overwrite the contents before returning it to the user.
|
|
|
|
From the [node.js docs](https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html#buffer_new_buffer_size):
|
|
|
|
> `new Buffer(size)`
|
|
>
|
|
> - `size` Number
|
|
>
|
|
> The underlying memory for `Buffer` instances created in this way is not initialized.
|
|
> **The contents of a newly created `Buffer` are unknown and could contain sensitive
|
|
> data.** Use `buf.fill(0)` to initialize a Buffer to zeroes.
|
|
|
|
(Emphasis our own.)
|
|
|
|
Whenever the programmer intended to create an uninitialized `Buffer` you often see code
|
|
like this:
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
var buf = new Buffer(16)
|
|
|
|
// Immediately overwrite the uninitialized buffer with data from another buffer
|
|
for (var i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) {
|
|
buf[i] = otherBuf[i]
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Would this ever be a problem in real code?
|
|
|
|
Yes. It's surprisingly common to forget to check the type of your variables in a
|
|
dynamically-typed language like JavaScript.
|
|
|
|
Usually the consequences of assuming the wrong type is that your program crashes with an
|
|
uncaught exception. But the failure mode for forgetting to check the type of arguments to
|
|
the `Buffer` constructor is more catastrophic.
|
|
|
|
Here's an example of a vulnerable service that takes a JSON payload and converts it to
|
|
hex:
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
// Take a JSON payload {str: "some string"} and convert it to hex
|
|
var server = http.createServer(function (req, res) {
|
|
var data = ''
|
|
req.setEncoding('utf8')
|
|
req.on('data', function (chunk) {
|
|
data += chunk
|
|
})
|
|
req.on('end', function () {
|
|
var body = JSON.parse(data)
|
|
res.end(new Buffer(body.str).toString('hex'))
|
|
})
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
server.listen(8080)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
In this example, an http client just has to send:
|
|
|
|
```json
|
|
{
|
|
"str": 1000
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
and it will get back 1,000 bytes of uninitialized memory from the server.
|
|
|
|
This is a very serious bug. It's similar in severity to the
|
|
[the Heartbleed bug](http://heartbleed.com/) that allowed disclosure of OpenSSL process
|
|
memory by remote attackers.
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Which real-world packages were vulnerable?
|
|
|
|
#### [`bittorrent-dht`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bittorrent-dht)
|
|
|
|
[Mathias Buus](https://github.com/mafintosh) and I
|
|
([Feross Aboukhadijeh](http://feross.org/)) found this issue in one of our own packages,
|
|
[`bittorrent-dht`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bittorrent-dht). The bug would allow
|
|
anyone on the internet to send a series of messages to a user of `bittorrent-dht` and get
|
|
them to reveal 20 bytes at a time of uninitialized memory from the node.js process.
|
|
|
|
Here's
|
|
[the commit](https://github.com/feross/bittorrent-dht/commit/6c7da04025d5633699800a99ec3fbadf70ad35b8)
|
|
that fixed it. We released a new fixed version, created a
|
|
[Node Security Project disclosure](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/68), and deprecated all
|
|
vulnerable versions on npm so users will get a warning to upgrade to a newer version.
|
|
|
|
#### [`ws`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/ws)
|
|
|
|
That got us wondering if there were other vulnerable packages. Sure enough, within a short
|
|
period of time, we found the same issue in [`ws`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/ws), the
|
|
most popular WebSocket implementation in node.js.
|
|
|
|
If certain APIs were called with `Number` parameters instead of `String` or `Buffer` as
|
|
expected, then uninitialized server memory would be disclosed to the remote peer.
|
|
|
|
These were the vulnerable methods:
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
socket.send(number)
|
|
socket.ping(number)
|
|
socket.pong(number)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Here's a vulnerable socket server with some echo functionality:
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
server.on('connection', function (socket) {
|
|
socket.on('message', function (message) {
|
|
message = JSON.parse(message)
|
|
if (message.type === 'echo') {
|
|
socket.send(message.data) // send back the user's message
|
|
}
|
|
})
|
|
})
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
`socket.send(number)` called on the server, will disclose server memory.
|
|
|
|
Here's [the release](https://github.com/websockets/ws/releases/tag/1.0.1) where the issue
|
|
was fixed, with a more detailed explanation. Props to
|
|
[Arnout Kazemier](https://github.com/3rd-Eden) for the quick fix. Here's the
|
|
[Node Security Project disclosure](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/67).
|
|
|
|
|
|
### What's the solution?
|
|
|
|
It's important that node.js offers a fast way to get memory otherwise performance-critical
|
|
applications would needlessly get a lot slower.
|
|
|
|
But we need a better way to *signal our intent* as programmers. **When we want
|
|
uninitialized memory, we should request it explicitly.**
|
|
|
|
Sensitive functionality should not be packed into a developer-friendly API that loosely
|
|
accepts many different types. This type of API encourages the lazy practice of passing
|
|
variables in without checking the type very carefully.
|
|
|
|
#### A new API: `Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)`
|
|
|
|
The functionality of creating buffers with uninitialized memory should be part of another
|
|
API. We propose `Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)`. This way, it's not part of an API that
|
|
frequently gets user input of all sorts of different types passed into it.
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
var buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(16) // careful, uninitialized memory!
|
|
|
|
// Immediately overwrite the uninitialized buffer with data from another buffer
|
|
for (var i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) {
|
|
buf[i] = otherBuf[i]
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
### How do we fix node.js core?
|
|
|
|
We sent [a PR to node.js core](https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/4514) (merged as
|
|
`semver-major`) which defends against one case:
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
var str = 16
|
|
new Buffer(str, 'utf8')
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
In this situation, it's implied that the programmer intended the first argument to be a
|
|
string, since they passed an encoding as a second argument. Today, node.js will allocate
|
|
uninitialized memory in the case of `new Buffer(number, encoding)`, which is probably not
|
|
what the programmer intended.
|
|
|
|
But this is only a partial solution, since if the programmer does `new Buffer(variable)`
|
|
(without an `encoding` parameter) there's no way to know what they intended. If `variable`
|
|
is sometimes a number, then uninitialized memory will sometimes be returned.
|
|
|
|
### What's the real long-term fix?
|
|
|
|
We could deprecate and remove `new Buffer(number)` and use `Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)` when
|
|
we need uninitialized memory. But that would break 1000s of packages.
|
|
|
|
~~We believe the best solution is to:~~
|
|
|
|
~~1. Change `new Buffer(number)` to return safe, zeroed-out memory~~
|
|
|
|
~~2. Create a new API for creating uninitialized Buffers. We propose: `Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)`~~
|
|
|
|
#### Update
|
|
|
|
We now support adding three new APIs:
|
|
|
|
- `Buffer.from(value)` - convert from any type to a buffer
|
|
- `Buffer.alloc(size)` - create a zero-filled buffer
|
|
- `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)` - create an uninitialized buffer with given size
|
|
|
|
This solves the core problem that affected `ws` and `bittorrent-dht` which is
|
|
`Buffer(variable)` getting tricked into taking a number argument.
|
|
|
|
This way, existing code continues working and the impact on the npm ecosystem will be
|
|
minimal. Over time, npm maintainers can migrate performance-critical code to use
|
|
`Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)` instead of `new Buffer(number)`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Conclusion
|
|
|
|
We think there's a serious design issue with the `Buffer` API as it exists today. It
|
|
promotes insecure software by putting high-risk functionality into a convenient API
|
|
with friendly "developer ergonomics".
|
|
|
|
This wasn't merely a theoretical exercise because we found the issue in some of the
|
|
most popular npm packages.
|
|
|
|
Fortunately, there's an easy fix that can be applied today. Use `safe-buffer` in place of
|
|
`buffer`.
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Eventually, we hope that node.js core can switch to this new, safer behavior. We believe
|
|
the impact on the ecosystem would be minimal since it's not a breaking change.
|
|
Well-maintained, popular packages would be updated to use `Buffer.alloc` quickly, while
|
|
older, insecure packages would magically become safe from this attack vector.
|
|
|
|
|
|
## links
|
|
|
|
- [Node.js PR: buffer: throw if both length and enc are passed](https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/4514)
|
|
- [Node Security Project disclosure for `ws`](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/67)
|
|
- [Node Security Project disclosure for`bittorrent-dht`](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/68)
|
|
|
|
|
|
## credit
|
|
|
|
The original issues in `bittorrent-dht`
|
|
([disclosure](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/68)) and
|
|
`ws` ([disclosure](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/67)) were discovered by
|
|
[Mathias Buus](https://github.com/mafintosh) and
|
|
[Feross Aboukhadijeh](http://feross.org/).
|
|
|
|
Thanks to [Adam Baldwin](https://github.com/evilpacket) for helping disclose these issues
|
|
and for his work running the [Node Security Project](https://nodesecurity.io/).
|
|
|
|
Thanks to [John Hiesey](https://github.com/jhiesey) for proofreading this README and
|
|
auditing the code.
|
|
|
|
|
|
## license
|
|
|
|
MIT. Copyright (C) [Feross Aboukhadijeh](http://feross.org)
|